Introduction to British Tanks in World War II

World War II saw a significant advancement in military technology with the invention and deployment of tanks. While tanks are often seen as purely military machines, they were also shrouded in a careful veil of secrecy. Interestingly, the term "tank" itself was a strategic misdirection, initially mistaken for a code word for a secret weapon to confuse the enemy.

During World War II, British tanks were not just machines, but were given distinctive names that reflected both their type and functional role. This article delves into the naming conventions of British tanks, their designations, and the historical context in which they were employed.

The Invention of the Term "Tank"

The term "tank" was initially used as a disguise for the new military machines. Contrary to what many would assume, the name was not derived from the military function of these vehicles but rather to obscure their true nature. The term was chosen because tanks were often disguised as large water containers to avoid detection and ensure secrecy.

Distinctive British Tank Designations

British tanks during World War II were primarily classified into two types: infantry support tanks and quicker, more mobile cruiser tanks. The naming convention for these tanks was not only functional but also carried a certain historical continuity that spanned beyond the war itself.

Typically, British tank models were designated with a "C" followed by a number, but there were notable exceptions. The Matilda II and the Valentine were notable names that carried significant historical weight. For instance, the Matilda I was known as infantry tank A-11, and the Matilda II was classified as A-12.

Types of British Tanks

Infantry Support Tanks: These were primarily the Matilda II and Churchill. An example is the Churchill A-22, a famously robust and reliable vehicle used extensively in the war. Cruiser Tanks: These were often faster and designed for scouting missions. A prominent cruiser was the Crusader A-15.

Other notable British tanks included the Conqueror, Centaur, Cromwell, and Comet, each serving different roles and continuously evolving in design and functionality.

Post-WWII Continuity in Tank Naming

Even after World War II, the British continued to name their tanks in a logical and consistent manner. Post-war designs like the Centurion, Chieftain, and Challenger carried forward the naming tradition from earlier models.

The experience gained during the war informed the design and naming of subsequent tanks, ensuring that the British forces retained their advantage in the years that followed. Additionally, British tanks that were supplied to the U.S. military adopted American designations, creating unique hybrid names such as the Stuart, Grant, and Sherman.

Tank Platoon Naming and Historical Insignias

Within a British tank platoon, troops often had three tanks each, with the lead tank typically named after the troop letter. For example, a vehicle named "Arthur" would often be accompanied by tanks named "Alan" and "Archie." This practice not only enhanced operational efficiency but also fostered a sense of identity within the unit.

British Tank Insignias and Color Schemes

The British forces in North Africa, known as the Desert Rats, wore a distinctive insignia. While the common portrayal often shows black and white patterns, early depictions reveal that the actual color scheme was red and white. For instance, the Matilda II tanks in desert camouflage were both dressed in unusual but effective color schemes.

Other Named British Tank Variants

British tanks were not just named for their types but also for their specific modifications and roles. For instance:

Archer: A mobile anti-tank gun based on the Valentine chassis. Achillies: The British version of the American M10 tank destroyer, fitted with a British 17pdr gun. Sexton: An 25pdr self-propelled artillery piece mounted on a Sherman chassis.

These unique names underscore the British tradition of naming tanks not just for their military significance but also to reflect their diverse and specialized roles in the battlefield.